Multiple X-class flares and CMEs were produced by AR 13664/8 during the Mother’s Day week of 2024. This study suggests that predicting the locations of magnetically complex active regions, and studying and tracking their eruptive states using different proxy parameters can greatly improve the capability to forecast intense storms.
Eruptive and non-eruptive solar flares were investigated based on an analysis of electric current neutralization and torus instability. Combined analysis of these factors offers a more reliable prediction of eruptive events than relying on either one alone.
The analysis of magnetic fields and electrical currents indicates that a specific configuration – currents in opposite magnetic regions flowing in the same direction and peaking concurrently – might create favorable conditions for the magnetic reconnection process that powers solar flares.
A few major geoeffective flares and CMEs occurred in May 2024. HMI magnetic field data were used to examine how the flares occurred and why they became geoeffective.
The coronal magnetic field evolution of the AR 11429 was simulated using time-dependent magneto-friction model. The model reproduced the magnetic structure that has remarkable correspondence with the spatial characteristics in coronal extreme ultraviolet images.
A survey of how many off-limb white-light events were observed by the SDO/HMI was conducted, and a catalogue is published online with real-time updates.
A statistical study of emerging active regions demonstrates that these ARs tend to produce CMEs when they accumulate significant budgets of both magnetic helicity and energy.
Through analyzing a number of active regions, this analysis finds that while flares are guided by the physical properties that scale with AR size, CMEs are guided by mean properties, with little dependence on the amount of shear at the polarity inversion line or the net current.
This analysis shows that a new bipolar emergence, whose positive polarity collided with the pre-existing negative polarity, in AR11283 led to energy and helicity buildup in the form of magnetic flux ropes. Recurrent energy releases caused a few homologous CMEs from this region.
A statistical study of hundreds of solar flares, with or without CMEs associated with them, indicates the larger the total magnetic flux of the flare-host active region, the less likely the flare is associated with a CME.