HMI-observed vector magnetic-field maps were lowered to a resolution of lmax=5, so that a comparison between solar and stellar magnetic field is possible.
Waves of magnetic-field variations were observed associated with the sunquake waves that were excited by the X9.3 flare on 2017 September 6. The nature and cause of the magnetic waves are discussed after the phase relations and power distributions of the magnetic waves and Doppler-observed sunquake waves are investigated.
Ring-diagram analysis is applied on the HMI-observed sunspots of about 3 years. The attenuation of wave amplitudes near sunspots, rotational speed of sunspots, and subsurface flows around sunspots are discussed.
A deep learning code is developed to enhance HMI continuum intensity images and line-of-sight magnetic field for a better spatial resolution.
Employing an updated Babcock–Leighton dynamo model, this study finds that the model with scattered tilt angles, which are around the Joy’s Law but with a standard deviation of 15°, is able to reproduce the observed variations of solar cycles.
Long-term migration of the Sun’s open magnetic flux is studied, and its relation with the sunspot numbers is discussed.
Heat flux delivered by magnetic reconnection is calculated based on a model using magnetic field observations, and the calculation is then compared with AIA EUV observations.
Two flares occurred in a same active region above a same polarity inversion line, but one had a failed CME eruption but another one had a successful CME eruption. This study explored why that was the case.
Meridional flows during the solar minimum and maximum years are derived using 14 years of SOHO/MDI data. The flows changed significantly from the minimum to the maximum, and major changes were associated with the active latitudes.
Shearing motions and sunspot rotations found in NOAA AR 12673 are believed to lead the free energy buildup and flux rope formation, which are responsible for the two successive X-class flares.