The Sun’s oblateness shows a variation with solar cycles, in phase with the solar activity level in Cycle 23 but in anti-phase with the activity level in Cycle 24. Such a trend of in-phase during odd cycles and anti-phase during even cycles is confirmed after examining past observations.
A deep learning code is trained using the Sun’s front-side observations, HMI’s magnetograms and AIA’s 304Å EUV images, to establish a relation between magnetic field and EUV flux. Then the code is applied on the STEREO/EUVI 304Å data to obtain the Sun’s far-side magnetic field.
An algorithm, which is to calculate the electric field in order to retrieve the time variations of solar surface magnetic field observed by HMI, was recently developed.
Helicity injection by the continued shear and converging flows contributes to a sigmoid’s sustenance, its core field twist, ans its eventual eruption.
Through analyzing simultaneous HMI’s visible-light observations and AIA’s ultraviolet observations, the authors show that a significant amount of acoustic waves with frequencies lower than the theoretical cutoff frequency can channel up along less inclined magnetic field from the photosphere to the chromosphere.
A total of 90 circular-ribbon flares are identified in 8 years of SDO observations, and 33 of them are found associated with white-light enhancements, a rate higher than non-circular-ribbon flares. It is thus suggested that the fan-spine magnetic field topology and the total amount of energy release plays roles in causing white-light flares.
Physical parameters, including sunspots tilt angles, total magnetic flux, polarity pole separations, and magnetic areas, are measured for most sunspot groups in solar cycles 23 and 24. Differences between Hale and anti-Hale sunspots in separate hemispheres and cycles are studied statistically.
Jets resulting from eruption of minifilaments have lots of similarities to CMEs resulting from eruptions of large-scale filaments. This study on occurrences of jets can shed light on our understanding of what causes CME eruptions.
Synoptic Q-maps, which display a geometric parameter describing the squashing factor of elemental flux tubes, are computed using both HMI and MDI magnetic field observations. These maps are useful for understanding coronal configurations relevant to space weather.
HMI-observed vector magnetic-field maps were lowered to a resolution of lmax=5, so that a comparison between solar and stellar magnetic field is possible.