The dipole, quadrupole, and octupole components of the Sun’s magnetic field are calculated and visualized, covering the last 22 years of the Sun’s activities.
Helioseismic far-side images are compared with the STEREO-AIA EUV observations, and a reliability of the helioseismic images is assessed.
An X9.3 flare excited strong yet unusual sunquakes.
Through analyzing a suite of space- and ground-based observations, the authors report that above sunspots, helioseismic waves of different frequencies are able to channel up through the chromosphere and transition region into corona. General pictures of how the waves make into corona are also shown.
We observed magnetoacoustic waves propagating along the magnetic field lines of a sunspot. Based on the wave periods and atmospheric characteristics, we reconstructed the magnetic field topology of the sunspot.
Multiple-wavelength high-resolution observations reveal running penumbral waves in the middle photosphere, with an apparent horizontal speed of up to 51 km/s.
A newly discovered, fast-moving wave propagates outward along sunspots’ radial direction and may provide new diagnostics of the sunspot subsurface structure.
Numerical simulation of sunspots indicate that different subsurface structures are possible. They may be deep coherent flux tubes or twisted spaghetti or shallow structures. It may well be that all the models proposed for sunspot structures are correct for some spot somewhere.
Are all sunspots created equal or are some sunspots formed by a different mechanism than others? High quality observations from the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) suggest bimodal distribution in properties of sunspots.
Taking advantage of 11 different databases, we use statistical analysis to probe the nature of photospheric magnetic structures. We find evidence of two separate mechanisms at play, and propose that they are directly connected to the global and small-scale components of the solar dynamo.